RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES DURING THE ERA OF AMIR TEMUR

Authors

  • Jasurbek Abduqodirov

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57033/

Keywords:

Amir Temur, Mawarannahr, Samarkand, Shahrisabz, Bukhara, Tashkent, Turkistan, Architecture

Abstract

This article highlights Amir Temur’s role not only as a military leader but also as a key figure in architectural and cultural development across Mawarannahr and Khorasan. He contributed immensely to the construction of cities, mosques, madrasas, mausoleums, palaces, gardens, and baths, with enduring examples in Samarkand, Shahrisabz, Bukhara, Tashkent, and Turkistan. Amir Temur personally oversaw building projects, restoration works, and urban planning, while attracting skilled craftsmen, architects, and artists. His monumental constructions, such as the Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand, illustrate his dedication to culture, science, and public welfare, and have been praised in historical sources including Dastur al-Muluk, Zafarnama, and the accounts of Ruy González de Clavijo.

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References

Bartold, V. V. (1963). Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion (2nd ed.). London: E.J. Brill.

Clavijo, R. G. de. (1928). The Embassy of Ruy González de Clavijo to Samarkand (1403–1406). London: Hakluyt Society.

Keren, L. (2010). Amir Temur’s Empire: Architecture, Culture, and Power. New York: Routledge.

Kayun, L. (2001). Travels in Timurid Cities. Paris: Éditions du Patrimoine.

Samandar Termizi, K. (1638–1740). Dastur al-Muluk. Bukhara: Manuscript.

Shami, N. al-Din. (c. 1425). Zafarnama. Herat: Manuscript.

Rou, J.-P. (2005). Historical Monuments of Central Asia. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Yazdi, Sh. al-Din ʿAli. (c. 15th century). Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī’s History of Timur. Manuscript.

Matlaʾ al-Saʿdayn. (15th century). Cultural and Architectural Developments in Herat. Manuscript.

Ferdowsi, A.Q. (c. 1010). Shahnameh. Tehran: Bibliotheca Persica.

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Published

2026-01-28

Issue

Vol. 2 No. January Issue (2026)

Section

International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Research

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Jasurbek Abduqodirov (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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All articles published in The Journal of Interdisciplinary Human Studies are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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How to Cite

RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES DURING THE ERA OF AMIR TEMUR. (2026). The Journal of Interdisciplinary Human Studies, 2(January Issue), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.57033/