THE ACTIONS OF SOVIET POLICY TOWARD THE MUSLIM POPULATION: HISTORICAL STAGES

Abstract

This article examines the historical development of the Soviet government’s 
policies toward the Muslim population in Central Asia, with a focus on Uzbekistan during 
the early Soviet period and the 1930s. It analyzes the socio-political and ideological 
measures implemented by the Soviet authorities, including religious persecution, 
suppression of clergy, closure of mosques and madrasas, and the imposition of Marxist 
ideology. The study highlights the staged approach of the Soviet regime, from early decrees 
separating religion from the state to the violent campaigns of 1937–1938, which targeted 
religious leaders and believers under the guise of counter-revolutionary activity. Despite 
these repressions, Islamic faith and practices persisted among the population, reflecting 
the resilience and adaptability of local communities. The article demonstrates how Soviet 
anti-religious policies reshaped social, cultural, and spiritual life in Uzbekistan, leaving 
long-lasting consequences for society.