Abu Rayhon Al-Biruni And His Contribution To The Development Of The Sciences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57033/mijournals-2026-4-0306Keywords:
“Osor al-boqiya”, Kath, India, mineralogy, “Saydana”, Aristotle, history, Ma’mun, Eastern culture, philologyAbstract
Abu Rayhon al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) stands among the most versatile and influential thinkers of the Islamic Golden Age, earning recognition as a foundational figure across both the natural and social sciences. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of al-Biruni’s multidisciplinary contributions, Received: 10-05-2026 paying distinct attention to his pioneering methodology in early anthropology, Accepted: 28-05-2026 sociology, comparative religion, and historiography. By examining major Published:09-06-2026 treatises such as Tahqiq ma lil-Hind (Indica) and Al-Athar al-Baqiya (The Chronology of Ancient Nations), this study illustrates how al-Biruni established empirical, objective, and cross-cultural analytical frameworks long before the formal institutionalization of modern humanities and social disciplines. Furthermore, the paper investigates his legacy within Islamic civilizational Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. thought, highlighting his pivotal role in synthesizing Hellenistic, Indian, and Submitted for open access publication Persian intellectual traditions within classical Islamic scholarship. Finally, the under the terms and conditions of the article evaluates the contemporary resonance of al-Biruni’s work, demonstrating Creative Commons Attribution how his commitments to unbiased inquiry, interfaith dialogue, and scientific rigor (CC BY) license offer critical perspectives for addressing modern global academic discourse and (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ intercultural understanding. by/4.0/)References
1. Beruniy, A. R. (1962). Al-Biruni’s star catalogue, with the catalogues of Khayyam and al-Tusi appended. Historical and Astronomical Studies, 8, pp. 83–192.
2. Beruniy, A. R. (1963a). Book on Indian Rashikas (B. A. Rosenfeld, Trans.). The History of Science and Technology in the Countries of the East, 3, pp. 148–170.
3. Beruniy, A. R. (1963b). A Collection of Information for the Knowledge of Precious Stones (Mineralogy) (A. M. Belenitskiy, Trans.; G. G. Lemmlein, X. K. Baranov & A. A. Dolinina, Eds.). Leningrad.
4. Beruniy, A. R. (1963c). India (A. B. Xalidov & Yu. N. Zavadovskiy, Trans.). Selected Works, vol. II. Tashkent: Fan. (Reprinted 1995, Moscow: Ladomir.)
5. Beruniy, A. R. (1966). Geodesy: Determination of the Boundaries of Places to Establish the Distances between Settlements (P. G. Bulgakova, Trans.). Selected Works, vol. III. Tashkent: Fan. (in Russian)
6. Beruniy, A. R. (1973). Correspondence (Yu. N. Zavadovskiy, Trans.). Ten Questions concerning al-Biruni’s “Book on Space” and Ibn Sina’s Answers. Tashkent: Fan, p. 20.
7. Beruniy, A. R. (1987). Pharmacognosy in Medicine (U. I. Karimov, Trans.). Selected Works, vol. III. Tashkent: Fan.
8. Classical Science in Central Asia and Modern World Civilization (2000). Tashkent: Falsafa va Huquq, p. 124.
9. Hasanov, H. (2012). Travelling Scholars. Tashkent: O‘zbekiston, p. 57. (in Uzbek)
10. Muminov, I. M. (1972). Abu Rayhon al-Biruni – an outstanding encyclopedic scholar. In: Al-Biruni and the Humanities. Tashkent: Fan, p. 324.
11. Stars of Spirituality (1999). Tashkent: Xalq Merosi Publishing House.
12. Thinkers of Central Asia (2011). Tashkent: Yangi Nashr Publishing House.
13. Xayrullaev, M. (1971). The Renaissance and the Eastern Thinker. Tashkent. 152 E-ISSN:3070-8370
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Khoshimkhon AMIROV (##default.groups.name.author##)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
